Roman, the telemedicine site that offers prescriptions and over-the-counter solutions for hair care, fertility, and weight loss — and other common health issues among men — is now offering prescriptions for oral minoxidil. Minoxidil is the name of the drug commercially known as Rogaine, and it exists in both an oral and topical form. The oral form may be more effective than the foam applied directly to the scalp, according to the latest research, and now anyone can get a prescription from Roman for as little as $30/month. 

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Oral minoxidil is considered an “off-label” drug by the FDA for male pattern baldness. It’s taken orally, daily, and should be stored at room temperature.

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What Is Minoxidil?

Minoxidil was developed to treat hypertension in the 1970s, but the topical version is now the only FDA-approved drug for treating androgenic alopecia, or hair loss. Oral minoxidil is considered “off-label” and still only available with a prescription. They both contain the same active ingredient, just administered in different forms. 

Minoxidil is a vasodilator that helps hair follicles withstand Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or testosterone, high levels of which can cause hair loss in men. It helps increase the amount of time hair spends in the growth phase, also known as the anagen phase, so there are more new hairs on the head at any given time. It also shortens the telogen phase, or the “resting” phase, for hair. Initially, this shift in the hair’s natural progression can cause hair to shed temporarily, but after about 8 weeks most users begin to see results. 

The exact ways in which it achieves this is still a bit of a mystery, but a 24-week randomized study out of São Paulo, Brazil concluded that oral minoxidil is more effective than the topical version with fewer side effects. 

Two groups were each given minoxidil, one in the form of a 1-milligram pill and the other in a 5% concentration foam. While they both spurred the same amount of hair growth, measured in density at the conclusion of the six-week study, the oral treatment caused less hair shedding. 

Because of the way it works, it can cause low blood pressure and leg swelling, so it’s important to disclose any and all health issues with the doctor when inquiring about a prescription. 

SPY’s hair loss experts, alongside licensed dermatologists, ranked it among the two best hair loss treatments for men, the other of which is finasteride, for its accessibility and cost-effectiveness. It’s one of the least expensive and most beneficial hair loss treatments available, and now the more effective version is available online without a visit to the doctor’s office. 

Oral minoxidil is a tablet taken daily. For most men, it starts to work after eight weeks. After filling out a brief survey about your hair loss and health profile, Roman’s team of doctors review it over the course of 24 hours. If the drug is a fit for you and your needs, you’ll receive a minoxidil prescription and can order a subscription through Roman for $30/month. The drug is delivered quarterly. 

Eighty percent of men experience some form of hair loss at some point in their lifetime. Genetics have a say in how soon, how quickly, how severe, and in what pattern each person experiences hair loss, but it comes for every guy eventually. 

Dr. Jeannette Graf, a dermatologist and Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology at Mt Sinai School of Medicine, said that one’s testosterone levels aren’t the precise thing to blame, either; rather, it’s the hair follicles’ sensitivity to DHT, or dihydrotestosterone, a testosterone byproduct that accelerates hair loss. It gathers at the follicles, shrinks them, and shortens the growth cycle of hairs. Most men’s hair loss treatments are aimed at stopping and/or reversing this exact process. What varies is how quickly they’re able to do so, and at what cost.

What the Experts Say

Early intervention is important, no matter how severe one’s hair loss is or may be. “By the time a man is 30, there’s a high probability that he’s already noticed thinning in some areas,” said Graf. “This is why taking preventative measures by your late 20s is the safest bet especially if you know you’re prone to hair loss genetically.” 

If treatment starts after visible signs of loss, then it is only possible to revive those follicles that have gone dormant in the past year or two. Hair lost at the crown is possible to bring back, while hair lost to recession is not. (Again, genetics dictate what types of hair loss one experiences and how aggressively.)

Once treatment starts, Graf said to wait 3-6 months for visible results, and if one is using it preventatively, to trust that it’s working. She said results will vary depending on how severe the initial hair loss was, but keeping up with treatments is important so hair loss doesn’t resume. 

In recent years, the number of men’s hair loss treatments available has only increased and gotten more effective. Keep reading to learn the cost-benefit of each one, with insights from dermatologists and surgeons.

Most Accessible and Cost-Effective:

Minoxidil and Finasteride

Oral and topical options abound—with one serious warning.

With expertise from board-certified dermatologists Rina Weimann of Schweiger Dermatology in North Wales, PA, and Dr. Dhaval Bhanusali of Hudson Dermatology and Laser Surgery in NYC.  

Minoxidil and finasteride are usually mentioned hand in hand, as they’re generics for drugs that emerged at the same time: Rogaine and Propecia. The popularity of these two methods grew thanks to telemedicine sites like hims, Ro, and Keeps, but these medicines are also available through dermatology clinics, and minoxidil is available over the counter. Some studies about finasteride have shown it can cause side effects related to sexual health including decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. If these symptoms start after beginning usage, speak with a urologist right away. 

Until recently, the oral form of finasteride and topical form of minoxidil were the most popular amongst consumers. Recently, the script has flipped, and topical finasteride’s shorter list of side effects has made it more popular and oral minoxidil has become the preferred version because it’s more effective.  

Minoxidil is a vasodilator that helps increase hair follicle fortification so they can better withstand DHT. It also increases the amount of time hair spends in its growth phase, the overall effect being more hairs on the head at a given time. There are two formula concentrations, 5% and 2%, and Dr. Weimann recommends both male and female patients use the 5% formulation. 

Typical Cost: Topical Minoxidil can be as low as $3/month, oral minoxidil is not available over the counter since it’s not FDA-approved 

Time Commitment: Short amounts of time, but often. Apply topical minoxidil around the scalp twice daily. (Morning and night are the easiest intervals.) Take oral minoxidil once daily.

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How minoxidil works: Minoxidil is a vasodilator, which means it opens up the blood vessels and improves nutrient delivery. In terms of hair retention, this means the follicles get much more fortification and can better withstand the threat of DHT. Minoxidil increases the amount of time hair spends in its growth phase, and shortens the amount of time spent in resting phases. (So hairs stay anchored longer and grow back sooner; the overall effect is that more hairs are on the head at a given time.) Men should use the 5% formula, while women are advised to use 2%. (Dr. Weimann recommends both male and female patients use the 5% formulation as she finds it more effective.) Minoxidil is especially advised for people experiencing thinning around the crown.

Typical cost: Topical minoxidil can cost as low as $3/month (like from Kirkland/Costco). Oral minoxidil is also extremely inexpensive, but cannot be purchased over the counter since it’s not cleared by the FDA. It’s quite easy to obtain from dermatologists and will not cost much. (It is the generic for Loniten, also a vasodilator, and is taken daily in 1.25 mg tablets.) Ro sells it for $30/month as well, though a local doctor’s office can prescribe it for much cheaper.

Time commitment: Apply topical minoxidil twice daily around the scalp. (Morning and night are the easiest intervals.) Oral minoxidil is taken once daily.

Chief complaints: Topical minoxidil can make some hair a little tacky. Oral minoxidil can increase hair growth all around the body— depending on one’s definition of #bodgoals this could be a benefit. Minoxidil will also cause initial shedding in the first months; this is natural and should be endured; it’s effectively re-starting each of those hairs’ growth cycles. It’s likely that only the minoxidil user will notice the excessive shedding; it’s not noticeable to others.

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How finasteride works: Finasteride directly targets DHT. It inhibits the conversion of testosterone into DHT, effectively preventing any shrinking of hair follicles in the first place. Topical finasteride more closely targets DHT’s role in the scalp and follicles and has less of an impact on its DHT’s presence throughout the body than oral finasteride. Finasteride is especially advised for people experiencing a hairline recession.

Typical cost: A non-branded prescription through a local dermatologist might cost $10 or $15 per month with insurance. (Check GoodRx to get the best deal in any area.) Chic telemedicine sites might charge 3-5 times that amount. Topical finasteride is harder to provide a precise price for, because many of the readily available formulas today are actually hybrids of minoxidil and finasteride (like Keeps and hims). As such, they can run upwards of $60 per month but also negate the need to take both drugs separately. Some standalone topical finasteride options do exist, like through XYON.

Time commitment: Finasteride is taken once a day, whether orally or topically.

Chief complaints: Here’s a very important caveat for finasteride: One study reports that 2.1-3.8% of finasteride users can experience sexual side effects, either through decreased libido or with difficulty achieving erections. Other studies promote topical finasteride as a way to get the benefits of the drug without the side effects (since it isn’t as widely circulated in the blood). If these side effects start, speak immediately with a dermatologist and consider switching to topical or staying away from finasteride. In most cases, side effects should go away soon after treatment stops.

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The Doctors’ Take on Minoxidil and Finasteride

Bhanusali considers minoxidil the gold standard for hair loss treatments. As for choosing between oral and topical routes, it depends on the patient. “Topical is fine if you are consistent. The main issue is that many aren’t (which I can understand). Oral minoxidil is a great option but there are always more side effects with oral meds vs. topical.” (Again, while rare, minoxidil does have side effects as a vasodilator, so people with heart or blood pressure concerns should be cautious, and anyone on existing vasodilator medicines should absolutely avoid it.)

For anyone interested in a compound topical minoxidil/finasteride product (a singular product with both medicines), Weimann reminds that topical use is usually not as effective as oral options. So, while it’s likely someone will achieve success with a hybrid topical product, it may not be quite as effective if they were to take daily minoxidil and/or finasteride pills. “The role of topical minoxidil and finasteride may be useful when it comes to maintaining hair growth after starting oral finasteride and/or oral minoxidil,” she said. “For those interested in not being on an oral medication long-term, using the topical compounded minoxidil and finasteride in clinical studies has been shown to promote continued hair growth and minimize hair shedding after discontinuation of an oral form of the medication.” So, consider starting with oral finasteride at the very least (alongside oral or topical minoxidil), and assuming no side effects, wane off of it after a couple of years (just as our writer did).

Effective But Expensive Upgrades:

PRP (Plasma Injections) and LLLT (Laser Caps)

Costly treatments that bear fruit. One, in particular, is worth the investment.

With expertise from Dr. Alan J. Bauman, Founder, CEO and Medical Director of Bauman Medical Hair Transplant & Hair Loss Treatment Center. 

Two other common hair loss treatments that are often mentioned together are platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). However, they aren’t similar at all; it’s more so that these two used to be treatments that required visits to the doctor, and now they’re available via convenient, at-home devices. 

PRP

How PRP works: At a PRP session, you give a couple of vials of blood at a dermatology or hair restoration clinic, and then it’s placed in a centrifuge to separate the plasma out. This plasma contains a person’s unique growth factors, which can be injected into the scalp to give follicles some serious muscle (just as growth factors can be injected into joints for tissue repair or at the site of wounds for thorough recovery). “The powerful growth factors in PRP are chemical bio-signals utilized by the body for tissue regeneration and repair,” says Bauman. “Many of the growth factors and other signals stored inside platelets are utilized by the body to stimulate blood flow and collagen production and are also implicated in signaling the anagen (growth) phase of the hair follicle.” 

Typical cost: A single PRP can range from $1,000-$3,500 per session, depending on the tech and equipment, skill level of the doctor/clinic, and location

Time commitment: Not all PRP treatments are created equal, Bauman said. Most will require patients to come in monthly for three consecutive months (and up to six months) to enjoy benefits that last up to 18 months, while more advanced and sophisticated options allow a single dose to last 10-18 months. However, PRP sessions will need to resume indefinitely in order to keep seeing results. The frequency of each person’s visits will vary based on their needs and their doctors’ advice. A single session doesn’t take long—between 30 minutes to an hour to allow for blood withdrawal, the plasma extraction, and the injections.

Chief complaints: The cost, of course. Also, it can be a little uncomfortable having a syringe punch at the scalp dozens of times and then endure a few days of fuzzy numbness up there. (No drinking in the days leading up to or following.)

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How LLLT works: By sending low-energy red and near-infrared laser light into the scalp, LLLT stimulates tissue regeneration and follicular virility. The wavelengths of these lights are between 600–950 nanometers, which are fine enough to penetrate skin without any side effects. LLLT accelerates the growth phase of hair and also prolongs the growth phase (before hairs enter resting and shedding phases), and it shortens the amount of time hair spends in its resting phase. Studies also suggest that LLLT boosts circulation in the scalp, and might even reduce the accumulation of DHT around the follicles. 

While LLLT used to be a clinical treatment, at-home devices are now available. The at-home devices are less powerful, but because users can use them more often at home the benefits are the same. 

Typical cost: Clinical treatments can cost thousands of dollars over the course of a year. “Before at-home devices were available, we charged $4000 annually for treatments 3 times per week for 30 minutes per treatment,” Bauman says. Now his office only sells an at-home device, which might have a high price tag ($5,200) but it pays for itself after a year and a half of use. Usually, the cost of an at-home device is based on the number of diodes it has, as well as the intensity of the light it emits, plus things like product design and material quality. Some lower-cost options hover closer to $1,000.

Time commitment: Clinical sessions might require 30 minutes as many as three times per week, for at least 6 months (or ongoing for routine upkeep). At-home options might require the same cadence, although some devices are intended to be used for just 5 minutes daily (like Bauman’s) in order to match those clinical results. 

Chief complaints: It can be hard to incorporate LLLT into one’s routine, no matter if done at home or in a clinic. And the price is daunting too, though it starts to look more attractive when weighing out the longevity of a device versus what clinical treatments might cost.

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The Doctor’s Take on PRP and LLLT

Bauman typically recommends multi-therapy treatments for his patients—that is, pairing things like PRP and LLLT with one another, or with minoxidil and/or finasteride. “In order for you to know exactly what treatment is working, how well it’s working, and what areas of your scalp are responding, you need to have regularly scheduled, accurate measurements of hair density and hair caliber, including Hair Mass Index evaluations,” he said. 

At-home LLLT might actually be the less expensive option compared to minoxidil and finasteride in the long run, Bauman said. “While minoxidil and finasteride may get better results for some patients versus LLLT, the cost for those drugs is ongoing, plus there may be side effects for some patients. In those cases, LLLT is a better option and it’s 100% drug-free and side-effect free.” He adds that getting a high-quality at-home device with a lifetime warranty is one of the best investments anyone can make for their hair retention.

The Final Frontier, With Fluctuating Costs: Hair Transplants

These actually look great now. Just don’t consider it a “last resort”. 

With expertise from Dr. William Yates, Founder of Hair Transplantation and Restoration Clinic in Chicago.

How Hair Transplants Work: Fullness is achieved by taking follicles (also known as “grafts”)  from the back and sides of the head—which aren’t genetically predisposed to shedding, unlike the hair on top of the head. The grafts are extracted individually and no longer leave permanent scars. Then they’re sorted according to each graft’s growth count (between 1-4 hairs per follicle) and implanted individually on top of the head, at a precise angle to mimic natural appearance. Yates doesn’t advise getting more than 3,000 grafts per session, though that’s enough for most people to get desired coverage. Some people will get two or even three separate transplants spread across 3-6 months if they need more grafts; having two transplants is usually the limit before the back and sides start to look too sparse. (Yates usually caps things between 6-10K grafts per patient.)

It’s also important to have healthy and ample “donor” hair in order to achieve realistic results, says Yates. And guys need to be realistic about what’s feasible. Hairs can then be extracted from the neck and chest, but the quality of hair differs with these, and can only be used to visually “fill in” the hair up top. “How far is too far?,” you may ask yourself if you end up at this point.  “Chest and body hair generally does not produce quality hair on the scalp,” Yates said. “Underarm and pubic hair can be used, too, but beard hair is the second best option [after actual head hairs].”

Calling hair transplants a “treatment” is a bit of a stretch. They aren’t a conclusive solution, nor are they a last resort for people whose loss is extremely progressed. Rather, hair transplants are best performed on people who have enough hair up top to help “fill in” as opposed to one giant blanket cover. They’re also only recommended for people who have been taking other treatments (and have seen success) for a year or more, so that the canvas is as naturally full as it can be prior to the procedure.

Also, since the transplanted hairs cannot thin and fall like the native hairs up there, it’s important to continue previous treatments following the transplant. Think of it like this: If treatments are discontinued, then regular male-pattern hair loss will continue, leaving behind just the transplanted hairs indefinitely. In this way, a hair transplant is a commitment to a lifetime of hair loss treatments.

Lastly, for any curly hair patterns (especially coarse, coiled hair), it’s important to visit a doctor who’s practiced in the transplantation of your particular curl pattern (and advertises such). 

Typical cost: The cost of hair transplants varies wildly based on the number of grafts, the technology used, the experience and reputation of the clinic/surgeon, and often location. Often, a transplant in Manhattan NYC or Beverly Hills will certainly be more expensive than one in Oklahoma City. But the doctor may also be more practiced and have access to newer technologies. Many people will travel to cosmetic surgery hotspots like Mexico and Turkey, too, where the density of doctors and quality of care can keep pace with large US markets, but at a fraction of the cost. What costs $8,000-$20,000 in the US might range from $2,000-$8,000 in Istanbul, for example (and might even include hotel/car transfers). 

Time commitment: Aside from pre-transplant exams or consultations, the procedure usually lasts 6-8 hours and will also require a next-day appointment to undress the wounds and check on the scalp’s reaction. Patients will be given adequate antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and painkilling meds so that the process is painless (they also get light local anesthesia during the procedure itself, which makes the 6-8 hours feel like one or two). Most people can return to work the next day if they want to, but they’ll look odd and should at least stay home for a few days to recover while any swelling subsides and the wounds scab over.

Transplanted hairs will fall within a month of implantation, and then regrow within 4-6 months. Yates says the first sprouts should reappear in two months, though, with all of them fully expressed within a year. In this first month though, avoid direct water pressure or hot water on the scalp, and direct sun exposure and intense sweating. Expect some compromises in daily life until the transplanted hairs begin to fall out.

Chief complaints: Where to begin? While the results these days are fantastic (spoken firsthand by this writer), it’s just an inconvenient and awkward process, from the facial swelling to the slog that is waiting for the hairs to grow back, not to mention the itch in the month or two after the procedure. It can be taxing to think of a lifetime of hair loss treatments, too, but if a full head of hair is important, then it’s absolutely worth it. Don’t skimp on a cheap doctor either, but do weigh international options if local prices feel out of range. 

The Doctor’s Take on Hair Transplants

Yates stresses the importance of using other treatments before committing to a hair transplant. These treatments will also enhance the results: “I always encourage patients to take or use something to help stabilize hair loss due to male pattern baldness,” he said. “A commitment on the client’s part to use a non-surgical treatment will help their overall density as long as possible. We don’t recommend stopping the non-surgical treatments such as finasteride, minoxidil, LLLT or PRP after a transplant.” He recommends taking as many of these non-surgical treatments as one is willing to take; there is no harm in pairing all four of the above options.

Hair transplants may meet their match from emerging technologies in coming decades, Yates said. And other treatments could become obsolete, too. “Regenerative medicine with stem cell therapy is already being used for anti-aging and hair loss with success. Genetic manipulation is a potential in the future, too, where the genes for baldness are deleted entirely.”

How to Proceed: SPY’s Recommendation

Given the above insights from these surgeons and dermatologists, here is the best recommendation for proceeding with hair loss treatments:

1. Start as early as possible (mid-20s onward) with minoxidil and/or finasteride. Gauge the response to these medicines, especially monitoring oral finasteride use for potential side effects. Use generic non-branded prescriptions for the least expensive approach. 

While oral versions of both medicines will yield better results, doctors do suggest switching to topical options after this same onboarding period as a more targeted way of maintaining results (and while minimizing potential side effects associated with oral options). 

2. Introduce LLLT in the mid-30s, if it’s in the budget. Get an at-home device. It’s expensive, yes, but is a terrific way to keep follicles fortified for the decades ahead. While a $5,000+ device might feel especially costly, some in the $1,500-3,000 range can still produce good results. 

Continue using minoxidil/finasteride alongside LLLT.

3. Add PRP if you’re mega-rich. It’s expensive. It works, yes, but it’s SPY’s least-favorite option on this list from a cost-benefit perspective. 

4. Only consider a transplant after 1-2 years of minoxidil and/or finasteride use. It’s important to see “the full potential” of your hair before resorting to surgical (and expensive) means. Shop around for ideal prices both domestically and abroad, but only choose a clinic with an excellent reputation—and not just one that they are advertising for themselves. Do the research to really find out.

Headcare, a.k.a hair care for bald men, includes the best razors and aftercare for maintaining a smooth dome. Going bald doesn’t mean a free pass from a routine. Quite the opposite, according to SPY’s resident bald editor who uses every product below nearly every day.

BEST HEADCARE FOR BALD GUYS

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Proper bald head care doesn’t stop at shaving. Head shavers might decide to utilize grooming products to keep that noggin healthy and hydrated. The very best head care product for bald guys? Bee Bald’s SMOOTH PLUS Daily Moisturizer. Not only does this squeezable bottle moisturize skin, but it has the ability to diminish unwanted shine and keep that head safe from the sun using SPF 30. Sure, the classic baseball cap is a go-to for any bald dude looking to steer clear from the sun’s harmful rays, but moisturizer with sun-blocking properties is the cherry on top. 

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BEST BALD HEAD SHAVER

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A bald head shaver needs to be in every bald man’s arsenal. No questions asked. The bald head shaver is single-handedly the most important invention ever created for bald people. But, the bald head shaver that remains godlike in comparison to every other is Skull Shaver’s Pitbull Gold PRO Head Shaver. This ergonomic machine is designed for both wet and dry shaves, making it easy to shave in the shower as it is to trim on the train. The Pitbull Gold PRO stores all shaven hair inside of itself, meaning there is no mess to clean up post-shave. Our baldest editor Tyler has used this almost daily for the past three years and swears by it. It’s worth every penny and takes just a few minutes to garner that perfect shave each and every time.

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BEST BALD HEAD RAZOR

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Technically, this Harry’s razor isn’t designed for bald heads. But, there’s simply no better shave than what a man gets while using Harry’s, whether it be on the face, neck, happy trail or, yes, that bald noggin. Six blades offer a killer shave and an unmatched smoothness. Baby-level soft. 

The razor’s head isn’t curved or rounded to properly form the head’s anatomy, but there isn’t a need. Just a couple of slow pulls over a cream-coated cranium will do the trick every time.

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Caring for your hair doesn’t have to take a million steps, and we also don’t have to settle for a rogue 2-in-1 drugstore pick. A great shampoo and conditioner will take you most of the way there, and the picks on this list are for men of all hair types. Foggy mirrors and a great-smelling shower are likely to follow each use.

BEST OVERALL SHAMPOO

Davines Naturaltech Energizing Shampoo

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A great shampoo cleans the scalp without frying the hair. That’s about it. Davines’ roster of shampoos, however, has something for every hair type and need, like smoothing thick hairs or hydrating curls. The Naturaltech Energizing Shampoo is our pick for the best shampoo of the year because it targets thinning hair. Caffeine boosts circulation in the scalp and fortifies follicles with improved nutrient delivery and absorption. After years of testing hundreds of shampoo formulations, SPY’s grooming editors found that Davines yields the strongest hair growth while giving hair a healthy sheen. 

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BEST SMELLING SHAMPOO

Blind Barber's Lemongrass Tea Shampoo

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Blind Barber’s Lemongrass Tea shampoo is formulated with a fragrance so gratifying, it would make a fantastic aperitif (may mix in a bit of tonic?). That’s why it stands out. Pure and simple. That said, it’s also a good generalist product that strengthens all hair types and smoothes textures without weighing them down. The stylish matte bottle also looks super chic on any countertop. It’s a nice touch.

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Blind Barber Lemongrass Tea Conditioner

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Most conditioners coat the hair in moisture, but there are very few that do so on a variety of hair types without causing excess grease or weighing hair down. Blind Barber strikes that balance, which is why it’s superior. It helps exfoliate dead skin cells with rooibos tea and pumps minerals like zinc, potassium, and calcium into the follicles. Coconut oil conditions each strand and leaves hair with a healthy shine, sans any frizz or split ends. Hops extract tones the scalp and prevents dandruff from forming and to top it off, Blind Barber’s soothing signature aroma — lemongrass tea — isn’t noxious when it inevitably fills the shower. 

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BEST LEAVE-IN CONDITIONER

Sachajuan Leave-In Conditioner

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Many leave-in conditioners are formulated to give thick and curly hair a ton of moisture. Sachajuan’s leave-in is moisturizing but also works for folks with fine hair who can’t handle a coat of oil post-shower. Their serum nourishes strands and won’t weigh down folks with lighter hair that’s thinning. It’s also a fantastic detangler after a shower, as the oil-free formula contains Sachajuan’s signature Ocean Silk Technology. The ingredients set it over the edge in our book, as it contains two types of algae that improve elasticity in the scalp and strands, and create a healthy, natural shine across the top.

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BEST STYLING GEL

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Many gels these days aren’t as focused on being the highest hold or highest shine in the game, even if that’s what the category always asked for. Imperial’s hybrid gel pomade is different. It’s not only carrying the product category on its back but honoring both branches of its family tree. It’s flake-free and an extremely versatile grooming product, a major plus in our book. Use it as a hold or shine enhancer by mixing with other styling products, to tame just the sides, or to build body and volume up top that won’t deflate halfway through the day. Running wet hands through the hair midday can give it a reenergizing boost, and its water base means it rinses clean in the shower with minimal build-up. 

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BEST DRY SHAMPOO

Living Proof Perfect Hair Dair Advanced Clean Dry Shampoo

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There are no showerless “great hair days” without dry shampoo, and Living Proof makes one of the best products for minimizing oil build-up between washes. While the majority of these powder-based products target just the scalp — and leave a residue in their wake — this one can be applied more uniformly throughout the hair. Spray it in greasy, dry hair and wait 30 seconds then give it a quick tousle and comb through to remove any excess powder. The result is visibly cleaner hair that looks like it was washed that morning. Better yet, Living Proof’s spray doesn’t build up at the roots, meaning there’s less risk of microbial proliferation and scalp suffocation throughout the day.

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BEST SCALP CARE PRODUCT

Briogeo Charcoal + Tea Tree Scalp Treatment Drops

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Briogeo is king when it comes to scalp care, and this treatment drops rank among their best sellers. By combining the detoxifying and purifying powers of charcoal with the antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial bennies of tea tree oil, this serum leaves the scalp clean, balanced, and void of any itching or flaking. It even packs in witch hazel to tone oil levels, in turn reducing buildup on strands and any lingering hospitality for fungus. Our editors like to drop in 2-4 drops on a clean, dry scalp before bed for minimized scalp irritation come morning.

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Most bald guys groom more frequently than any other demographic of man. Although there isn’t much hair to take care of, keeping a shiny noggin is tedious work. Various bald head shavers, creams, oils, sunscreens, and accessories are mandatory for safely ridding unwanted hair. Not to mention, keeping the bald look can get pretty dangerous when out in the sun.

While bald care products are typically expensive, Prime Day is offering deals on a number of must-have items for bald men, including up to 60% off in some circumstances. Time to get saving and keep that head clean with these must-have bald care items on sale now.

Wyklaus 7D Head Shaver

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Though we’ve already told our readers about this SPY-tested bald head shaver deal, we have to talk about it again. This water-resistant bald head shaver has the capability of leaving that noggin baby smooth. At 50% off, it’s a no-brainer to add to any baldie’s grooming routine.

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Appalachian Botanical Co Dome Oil

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Any bald person will know that head care is equally as important as hair eradication, if not more so. Diminish razor burn, bumps, blackheads, and protect that scalp from the elements with this post-shave oil designed for bald heads. Just two to three drops will keep that head feeling and looking spectacular (at 30% off, might we add).

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Gillette Fusion5 Razor

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For those who prefer a classic razor and shaving cream kind of shave, it’s impossible to go wrong with the Gillette Fusion5 Razor. Containing four blades total and a lubricated strip that allows shavers to know when it’s time for a new head, using this bad boy will provide a seriously smooth ‘do. Or lack thereof.

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HeadBlade HeadSlick Shave Cream

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Not all shaving cream is designed with the noggin in mind. Thankfully, HeadBlade’s HeadSlick is. This mentholated cream will help soothe the scalp pre- and post-shave for optimized look and feel. It’s quite literally designed with the intention of head shaving in mind, unlike the majority of facial shaving creams. Try it yourself and save 20% during Prime Day today.

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Freedom Grooming FlexSeries Electric Head Hair Shaver

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The Freedom Grooming FlexSeries is another SPY-tested and loved head shaver. With a waterproof design, five blades, and five different attachments to modernize the classic head shave, it’s safe to say you’re looking at another standout. And, of course, it’s 30% off during Prime Day.

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Sun Bum Original SPF 50 Sunscreen Lotion

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Keeping that noggin safe doesn’t stop at the vanity in your bathroom. Lather that head in Sun Bum before heading out of the house to keep the extra-sensitive skin safe from the sun.

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Braun Series 7 Electric Razor

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Looking for a razor that can shave both the head and the face? Find it in the Braun Series 7. While it isn’t as easy to maneuver over the head as other ergonomic bald head shavers, it does have the ability to leave a baby smooth finish. Plus, being able to use it on the face makes this one a double-whammy.

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MEINICY 3 Pack Washed Plain Baseball Cap

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Lastly, every bald person needs a couple of baseball caps just to keep the cranium safe when out and about on sun-filled days. Get a pack of three on sale now for Prime Day.

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I’m Tyler and I’m bald. And, as SPY’s only bald team member, I have made it my duty to point our readers in the right direction when it comes to bald care and bald head shaving products. I’ve tested it all — razors for bald heads, shaving creams, head sunscreens — you name it. But, one product I can’t live without? My bald head shaver.

And one of the world’s very best is on sale at 50% off this Prime Day.

Wyklaus 7D Head Shaver

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$49.99 $99.99

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The Wyklaus 7D Bald Head Shaver is a badass buzzer that eradicates hair with precision and detail. With a whopping seven total cutting heads, it decreases shave time dramatically in comparison to any alternative shaver I’ve tested. Given that the metal heads are double-netted for safety, this product is perfect for irritation-prone noggins.

Each shaver is easy to hold and refuses to slip out of the hand even when wet. Yup, that means users can even use the Wyklaus 7D in the shower. Wet and dry circumstances are both doable with this powerhouse.

While no bald head shaver has the power to mimic a wet shave done by a razor, the Wyklaus 7D comes pretty dang close. A baby smooth head is just about achieved in a matter minutes, though the device holds a charge of an hour and a half in total.

To top everything off? The Wyklaus 7D is an 8-in-1. Not only will users have the ability to keep their heads totally hair-free, but included attachments include a the head shaver, a hair trimmer, a nose hair trimmer, a cleansing brush, three hair trimmer combs (3/5/7mm) and a USB cable. How’s that for $50?

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Nobody wants to be the guy with visible dandruff peppered throughout his strands and all over his shoulders. Dandruff shampoos with clinical-strength ingredients and at-home dandruff remedies are the best way to fix the root of the problem (and to mitigate it, too), and a dandruff comb is a great back-pocket tool to have in the arsenal in case of a flare up. 

Dandruff combs are designed with distinct purposes in mind. They’re not lice combs, nor are they exfoliating hair brushes used to shampoo the scalp. Lice combs have very fine teeth for catching all of the tiny lice eggs, and shampoo brushes are plastic, waterproof, and designed to be used in the shower while cleansing. Dandruff combs can look like combs or brushes with exfoliating hair or nylon bristles, but their ultimate goal is tending to skin rather than hair or hair follicles. 

“The main reason to use a dandruff comb is to help loosen and remove scaly clumps of dead skin that are often associated with dandruff,” said Dr. Jaimie DeRosa of DeRosa Center Plastic Surgery and Med Spa in Boston and Palm Beach, FL. Add to that their ability to spot-check any flakes in the strands, and their use cases are covered.

Dandruff combs don’t treat dandruff or solve the problem. But they’re a great way to tend to the skin between treatments with a heavy-duty dandruff shampoo or another regimen. As DeRosa’s said, they’re also more effective at removing flakes before a date night or the workday than the average wide-bristled hairbrush. No comb will stop dandruff from happening, but it can clear it out for some same-day superficial peace of mind. (Just try not to scratch the scalp throughout the day, either, to prevent other flakes from getting tossed up into the strands.)

What the Experts Say

A dandruff brush’s effectiveness hinges on the material it’s made out of. 

Vancouver-based dermatologist Dr. Allison Sutton of West Dermatology recommends using soft-bristled combs — effectively, dandruff brushes, even going so far as recommending a toothbrush for the task. A brush like that can be more exfoliating than something with metal or plastic teeth. She also advised against using the brush as an exfoliator, marking another distinction between these brushes and other hair care tools, and emphasized keeping any dandruff removal gentle. 

Barber Brandon Faulk of Church Barber in San Francisco prefers using nylon plastic combs for dandruff removal on his clients. “Nylon offers proper softness and elasticity to the user,” he said. “They are best used with wet hair and can also help exfoliate the scalp.” Pick-style combs are effective for fine hair types whose strands might glide through wider options, and those same picks can help spot-check stray flakes in longer strands, too. 

Regardless of material, Sutton advises against diving right in with a comb or brush. “If someone is looking to remove some of the dandruff from their scalp, it can be helpful to first loosen some of the scale with mineral oil by applying it to the scalp and letting it sit for a few minutes,” Sutton said. “Then, using that soft bristle comb or toothbrush, the scale can be gently removed.” Using the fingers for a light massage can be gentler than a comb, and may be better for very inflamed or irritated scalps. She added that any scale caused by seborrheic dermatitis that seems too thick or adherent should not be brushed away, and should instead be examined by a board-certified dermatologist.

DeRosa recommended using dandruff combs between washing or treating the hair and scalp with anti-dandruff shampoos or natural home remedies. “The downside of dandruff combs is that they can make an already inflamed, irritated scalp worse,” she added, echoing Sutton’s urge to keep things gentle. And she emphasized that dandruff combs do not treat the underlying common cause of dandruff, which is usually an overgrowth of fungus.

What’s the ROI?

This isn’t necessarily a comb that is going to be deployed every single day for beautifully coiffed hair or polished slick-backs. So, shop at the lower end of the price spectrum when it comes to dandruff combs and brushes to get a good return on investment. Many are under $15, which is a perfectly fine price point for a product of this caliber. Brushes may cost slightly more than combs, depending on size and materials, but no one should spend over $30 on a device with the purpose of removing dandruff.

This low investment makes it all the easier to have a dandruff comb at the ready — for the “if and when”— especially considering that these combs are not the actual remedies for dandruff. Leave that to the dandruff shampoos, dermatologist-prescribed options, and natural home solutions, which over time will cost much more. 

BEST OVERALL

Suavecito Synthetic Beard Brush

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Given the lack of advertised dandruff brushes out there, we’ve taken some creative liberties in finding a “dandruff comb” that fits Dr. Sutton’s recommendations but isn’t just a toothbrush.. Suavecito’s synthetic beard brush has a bit more rigidity than most boar-bristle brushes which helps it to lift dead skin and whisk it away through the whiskers and head hairs. It will be better suited to shorter hair styles (since it might knot up long head hairs) and should be cleaned regularly when being used for dandruff mitigation. Keep a gentle hand when treating active dandruff, but feel free to go a bit more aggressive with the brush when simply using it as a skin exfoliator or actual beard brush;  in addition to fighting active flakes, it’s a terrific dandruff prevention tool, too.

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BEST FOR WET HAIR

Kent F3TG Fine-Tooth Comb

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Key Features: Nylon plastic frame, fine teeth 

How It’s Unique: Nylon plastic has a bit of “give” to it, making it adept at navigating the scalp. The fine teeth on this one should lift and separate flakes while still letting hairs pass through. 

There’s More: Make sure hair is detangled prior to use, to prevent breakage, since wet hair is more prone to this type of damage.

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BEST FOR FINE HAIR

Trism Stainless Steel Dandruff Comb

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Key Features: Stainless steel teeth, plastic grip, extremely fine teeth

How It’s Unique: Here’s one that very obviously moonlights as a lice comb, but is marketed towards dandruff. Its ultra-fine teeth and tight spacing will filter the finest of hairs and even spot-check pesky flakes that reside throughout the strands and at the roots.

There’s More: It’s great at catching fleas on your pet, too. (Be sure to cleanse it thoroughly if switching between these tasks.)

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BEST FOR BEARDS

Beardbrand Sandstrom Pocket Beard Comb

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Key Features: Cellulose acetate, wide- and fine-tooth ends

How It’s Unique: While it’s primarily a beard comb, this one has a fine-tooth end that is excellent at trapping stray facial flakes. It’s one tool that you can use regardless of beard dandruff levels, but it has that secret power for whenever you do need to remove scales.

There’s More: Cellulose acetate will also prevent static and frizzing in the strands.

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BEST FOR SPOT-CHECKING FLAKES

Japonesque Brow and Lash Shaper

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Key Features: Ultra-fine brush and comb ends, stainless steel teeth

How It’s Unique: It’s easy to repurpose a standard-fare eyebrow brush into a dandruff-managing tool. This double-headed device has teeth for picking out singular flakes from the oddest of places (without messing up the hairstyle), and its brush end can target the scalp and beard with the same precision. It can also glide through larger clusters of strands all at once, which makes it efficient. 

There’s More: Use it to trim long eyebrows too. Simply comb everything directly upwards with the stainless steel teeth, then use eyebrow scissors to snip the too-long hairs along the upper eyebrow perimeter.

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BEST FOR DANDRUFF PREVENTION

Jupiter Scalp Scrubber Brush

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Key Features: Uses resilient elastic polymer TPEE which is also gentle on the scalp

How It’s Unique: It’s not a hair comb or a brush, but more of a scalp scrubber that actually removes dead cells at the surface of the scalp—in turn preventing those flakes from showing up in the finished hairstyle. Use it in the shower every day, or every few days. It looks a lot like a shampoo brush, and certainly can be used for that purpose, but the density of the silicone bristles makes it great for dandruff control as well. 

There’s More: Scalp stimulation also promotes improved circulation and in turn increases oxygen and nutrient delivery to the hair follicles. In other words, it can fortify hair growth and retention.

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When it comes to skin and health, there will always be a debate about the merits of natural remedies and good old fashioned chemical fixes. The synthetic solutions provided by dandruff shampoos (such as Nizoral and Head & Shoulders) are highly effective thanks to chemicals like ketoconazole, pyrithione zinc, selenium, and sulfide. But they also come with harsh side effects and can dry out the scalp. Natural remedies like Majestic Pure’s Tea Tree Oil Shampoo and Pura D’or’s Aloe Vera Gel are gentler but tend to be less efffective. Is it worth giving them a shot? 

For most people, the best dandruff treatment is a combination of clinical-strength ingredients, natural remedies that can mitigate and prevent future symptoms once flare ups have resolved, and lifestyle changes. The case for natural remedies on their own is mixed, but using them in combination with other measures can help. 

Home dandruff remedies only work are only effective if they’re actually addressing the root cause of dandruff — inflammation, dryness, irritation.  They also have to be used properly. Two of the top natural solutions for dandruff, tea tree oil and aloe vera, can lead to contact dermatitis when applied excessively. “While aloe vera and tea tree oil have their place in the management of seborrheic dermatitis, people should be aware that they are also known causes of allergic contact dermatitis—a form of eczema that develops following a period of sensitization to topical products,” said Vancouver-based dermatologist Dr. Allison Sutton of West Dermatology. 

In other words, over-treating one problem can create an entirely new issue in the form of an allergic, inflammatory reaction. “This [contact dermatitis] typically manifests in the form of burning, stinging, flaking, redness, and sometimes even blistering,” Sutton said. “It’s important to note that while all topical products have the potential to cause an allergic contact dermatitis, some pose a higher risk than others and so moderate use and monitoring of tolerability is important in all cases.”

Some of the chemical treatments can also cause contact dermatitis when overused, said Sutton, which can lead to further drying, itching, and inflammation. 

Products from brands like Selsun Blue and Nizoral are engineered to be the most effective, but they should be used in moderation, scaled back once symptoms subside, and replaced with the gentler natural remedies. The same can be said of steroid options. “While use of topical corticosteroids is safe and often necessary in the management of seborrheic dermatitis, prolonged consistent use without a break can increase risk of side effects,” said Sutton. “As such, alternative adjuncts can be beneficial for maintenance treatment.” 

What the Experts Say

Sutton said that the best options for at-home dandruff solutions should focus on scale removal while also reducing inflammation, itching, and the fungal/yeast buildup caused by dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. 

Both Sutton and Dr. Jaimie DeRosa of DeRosa Center Plastic Surgery and Med Spa in Boston and Palm Beach, FL.  ranked tea tree oil as the most effective at-home, natural remedy, followed by aloe vera. DeRosa is a fan of baking soda while Sutton is not, and apple cider vinegar was a favorite solution of DeRosa’s but not of Suton. DeRosa also gave special mention to lemongrass oil and Sutton called out salicylic acid since it can be naturally derived and is a go-to ingredient in dandruff shampoos. 

As for chemical ingredients, DeRosa said that in general, all of them are effective at addressing dandruff flare-ups in the short-term, but cautioned against overusing them or using them for too long. 

“Selenium sulfide is a potent anti-fungal that has been shown to be toxic over the long term and can cause liver and kidney damage” DeRosa said. “Another common ingredient is triclosan, which is an antibacterial, but is believed to interfere with hormones and may even accumulate in human fat cells.” 

Ketoconazole can change hair texture, make the scalp and hair excessively dry or more oily, and can also irritate the scalp. Pyrithione zinc can irritate mucous membranes, so it may burn or sting if it gets into the eyes or nose and throat. Sometimes it can even cause blistering of the skin. Coal tar has been shown to be carcinogenic in large quantities. It also has a strong, pungent smell that can linger. 

What’s the ROI?

Since most dandruff shampoos and natural dandruff remedies are pretty cheap, the question of an investment here becomes time and, more importantly, time spent still dealing with dandruff.

The best advice, when using natural remedies for dandruff, is to choose products that are already on the market and which deploy the active ingredient of choice, as opposed to mixing up a concoction at home. Maybe the primary exception is using aloe vera gel directly from a plant itself, but aside from that, it’s a bad idea to make a DIY tea tree oil solution, given that the ingredient can cause contact dermatitis when applied in large concentrations. 

So, rely on a 5% tea tree oil shampoo instead, since studies prove that it can reduce severe cases of dandruff by 40% over the course of 4 weeks. That means moderate or mild cases will see resolve far sooner, too. One terrific option, outlined below, is just over $16 for as many ounces of shampoo.

Sutton said to keep in mind that dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis aren’t conditions with a cure. The standard treatment path includes mitigating future occurrences once the initial problem is under control. “More often than not, adequate treatment requires a multi-modal approach of lifestyle modifications, over-the-counter and natural remedies, and prescription medications,” said Sutton. 

DeRosa recommended some changes in grooming routine, too. “Be sure to properly dry the scalp after washing, instead of leaving the hair to air dry,” she said. While it’s not a remedy on its own, it can help prevent that proliferation and assist treatment efforts. 

As for any non-shampoo remedies, Sutton suggested also pairing them with one’s dandruff shampoo of choice (and remember, this can be one with tea tree oil or salicylic acid as well—it doesn’t have to be the tough chemical stuff). “Ongoing maintenance management with a dandruff shampoo twice per week will decrease the frequency of a flare-up and keep the condition maintained,” Sutton said. 

Consistent use of a lower-cost at-home remedy alongside a dandruff shampoo can help prevent flare-ups and decrease the need for an expensive prescription treatment in the future. For this reason, the time and monetary investments in at-home dandruff treatments are likely to have a high return. 

Best Overall: Tea Tree Oil

Of all the common home dandruff remedies, both doctors cited tea tree oil as their top pick for its antiseptic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. But that doesn’t mean someone should just dump pure tea tree oil directly onto the scalp, since that could cause some serious irritation. Instead, when treating dandruff, aim for a shampoo with a generous tea tree oil concentration. Both doctors pointed to the same study proving 5% tea tree oil concentrations can reduce dandruff by 40% in four weeks. 

Lower concentrations of tea tree oil (in shampoo and used in other types of products) can act as a mitigation means to prevent future outbreaks.

Our Product Recommendation:

BEST OVERALL

Majestic Pure 5% Tea Tree Oil Shampoo and Conditioner Set

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Few over-the-counter shampoos offer this high concentration of tea tree oil in their recipe, to match the 5% formula used in successful studies. Instead of trying to mix a formula at home with a bottle of tea tree oil, trust Majestic Pure’s readymade remedy.

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Best for Flakes: Salicylic Acid

Key Means of Delivery: 2% or 3% solutions in shampoos or scalp serums

How It Works: Salicylic acid can temper oil production and lift away dead flakes, since it is an oil-soluble exfoliator. This is also why the ingredient is terrific at treating and preventing acne as well as oily complexion.

There’s More: Salicylic acid may not be considered natural by some, although it is found naturally in willow bark and meadow seed. However, compared to the chemical options like ketoconazole and selenium sulfide, it is a much more “agreeable” skin and scalp ingredient.

Our Product Recommendation:

BEST FOR FLAKES

Selsun Blue Naturals 3% Salicylic Acid Shampoo

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While many salicylic acid formulas are 2%, this one tips the scales — literally — with an extra percentage to help remove scales from the scalp while also mitigating oil buildup. Selsun Blue itself is no natural product, so don’t be mistaken here, but salicylic acid is generally considered by the experts in this piece to be a gentler active ingredient.

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Best for Inflammation: Aloe Vera

Key Means of Delivery: Shampoo, lotion, gel

How It Works: It’s not just for sunburns. “Aloe vera decreases inflammation, but also has antifungal and antibacterial properties,” said DeRosa. This makes it terrific at countering multiple dandruff / seborrheic dermatitis causes. Plus, it feels oh so good.

There’s More: Remember, that overuse of aloe vera can cause sensitivity-induced allergic contact dermatitis. So don’t rely on pure or high concentrations between treatments, Sutton warned. Low concentrations are ok, seeing as aloe is a common ingredient in many skin and hair products.

Our Product Recommendation: 

BEST FOR INFLAMMATION

Pura d'Or Aloe Vera Gel

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There are many products that use aloe vera as an ingredient, but it becomes quite diluted when it’s shoved way down on the ingredients roster. Pura d’Or’s gel is the real deal, full-on aloe. Use it to target everything from dandruff to sunburn; it’s a nice way to get multiple uses out of a single purchase. 

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The Fastest Fix: Lemongrass Oil

Key Means of Delivery: 5-15% concentrations in hair tonic, shampoo, or lotion

How It Works: Lemongrass oil is antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant-rich, and soothing. DeRosa scored it 8/10 for effectiveness, pointing to a study that confirms the ingredient is an effective natural way to treat dandruff, with a 10% concentration being the most effective (a 75% improvement in one week). 

There’s More: Similar to tea tree oil and aloe vera, long-term continued use of lemongrass essential oil can cause allergic contact dermatitis, and pure essential oil blends should be avoided.

Our Product Recommendation: 

FASTEST FIX

LATHER Bamboo Lemongrass Shampoo (2-pack)

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It is very difficult to find over-the-counter mixtures with the recommended 10% level of lemongrass oil concentration. So, it’s either a DIY potions-making attempt with a shampoo or scalp lotion—just be sure to spot-check it before using it across the entire scalp—or it’s a lower-grade shampoo option like LATHER. Let it sit on the scalp for a couple of minutes before rinsing, and use it as a terrific mitigator of future flare-ups, too.

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Other Contenders—With Divided Options

The following home remedies come with mixed testimony from our experts and, unlike the treatments above, little to no clinical evidence to support any claim that they help treat dandruff. They are not recommendations but rather options that are already available in most homes and come with risks. 

Apple Cider Vinegar

Key Means of Delivery: Shampoo, scrub, or DIY concoctions (5 parts water, 1 part vinegar)

How It Works: Apple cider vinegar is antimicrobial and can reduce the yeast that causes dandruff (Malassezia spp), said DeRosa, adding that apple cider vinegar also smells kind of rank. 

There’s More: Sutton is an apple cider vinegar skeptic: “There is no strong evidence to support the use of apple cider vinegar in the management of seborrheic dermatitis, plus it can worsen scalp irritation and cause an irritant contact dermatitis,” she said.

Our Product Recommendation:

dpHue Apple Cider Vinegar Scalp Scrub

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The jury’s out on the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar, but not on that of this scalp scrub. Use it as an additional line of defense in between other dandruff remedies (like chemical or natural shampoos), to buff away dead cells while also neutralizing fungus.

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Coconut Oil

Key Means of Delivery: Shampoo, conditioner, scalp masks, scrubs, lotions

How It Works: Many people rely on coconut oil’s nourishing and barrier-reinforcing properties to help prevent and treat scalp dryness and flaking. It has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, too. “Coconut oil is specifically great for helping safely remove some of the thicker, more adherent scale that can develop in seborrheic dermatitis, especially in children,” said Sutton.

There’s More: “Be sure to not overuse coconut oil, as it could irritate scalps where the dandruff is due to skin inflammatory conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis,” said DeRosa. Regular concentrations found in standard shampoos and conditioners tend to be carefully balanced so as to avoid such problems. 
Our Product Recommendation:

Briogeo Scalp Revival Charcoal + Coconut Oil Micro-Exfoliating Shampoo & Scalp Scrub

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Briogeo’s multitasking scrub helps soak up excess scalp sebum while also buffing away dead skin cells and nourishing the healthy ones with coconut oil. While fighting active flare-ups, use it every few days as a supporting agent to dandruff shampoo. And then use it once a week thereafter as a means of prevention.

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Baking Soda

Key Means of Delivery: DIY paste (sometimes combined with coconut oil and honey, sometimes mixed directly with shampoo)

How It Works: “The active ingredient of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate may help to reduce fungal and yeast infections on the skin, including the scalp,” said DeRosa. “It’s an inexpensive home remedy but can be messy to apply.  It also may make your hair feel dry for the first few weeks of use too.”

There’s More: Baking soda is quite alkaline and can throw off the scalp’s pH levels. “There is no strong evidence to support the use of baking soda in the management of seborrheic dermatitis,” said Sutton. “It can worsen scalp irritation and cause irritant contact dermatitis.” Give the true DIY-ness of using baking soda, proceed with caution…

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Arm & Hammer Baking Soda

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For any DIY dandruff-defense efforts, it’s worth using the most trusted name in baking soda… plus it costs under a dollar, so why choose anything else?

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Dandruff symptoms are predictably uniform from person to person — flaking, itching, scalp irritation — but the root causes of it vary. Anyone who suffers from dandruff should first identify the underlying issue causing it, as this will inform which dandruff shampoo is best and which active ingredient to deploy to prevent future breakouts. 

While most people associate dandruff with poor hygiene or a dry scalp, it’s more complicated than that. Someone may have an excessively oily or irritation-prone scalp, which can trigger flaking no matter how often the hair is washed. Over shampooing can also dry out the scalp — as can air-conditioned rooms, arid environments, dry seasons, pool water, hot showers, or even genetics. Contact dermatitis, an allergic reaction to one’s shampoo or styling products, is another common cause of dandruff. 

Even with this intel, it can be difficult to pin down the exact cause of dandruff. Dr. Robin Evans, a board-certified dermatologist at Southern Connecticut Dermatology in Stamford, Conn. said there is not always a specific cause of dandruff, and that an appointment with a dermatologist can be helpful in finding a solution tailored to each unique case, even if it’s an over-the-counter (OTC) shampoo. 

Most OTC dandruff shampoos are effective at nixing a wide range of dandruff cases, but they’re one-size-fits-all. Read on for insight on dandruff shampoos and their best ingredients, from Evans and two other board-certified dermatologists: Dr. Michele Green in New York City andDr. Calvin Williams of Essential Dermatology Group in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. 

What the Experts Say About Dandruff Shampoo

The Best Active Ingredients for Treating Dandruff

While there are many active ingredients found in anti-dandruff shampoos these days, Williams honed in the six best ones for fighting against flaking and preventing future flare-ups.

On Using the Shampoo Correctly

Dandruff shampoos carry a reputation of drying out the scalp and hair. This makes it extra important, to use it correctly, regardless of the one you choose. 

“Be sure to use only a quarter-sized amount of the shampoo and apply it directly to the scalp, not the ends [of the hairs],” Dr. Green said. If it’s difficult to avoid the ends of hairs (like, on short and medium styles), she recommended applying a leave-in conditioner to the strands before lathering up. 

Always follow the directions on the shampoo bottle, as these active ingredients need to absorb into the scalp in order to have a lasting effect. Aim for 30 seconds at a minimum, and always follow with a nourishing conditioner (left in hair for at least two minutes) to add nutrients and moisture back into the scalp and strands alike. Also, make sure to rinse thoroughly after each use to avoid excessive scalp build-up.

BEST OVERALL

Nizoral AD Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

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This ketoconazole-powered shampoo is Dr. Williams’ top choice for a clinical-grade option and casts the broadest net of solution for anyone who can’t source the exact cause of their dandruff. (It’s also SPY’s pick as the best shampoo for beard dandruff and scalp itch.) 

Why It’s the Best: “Ketoconazole 1% is proven to be very effective against the fungi that are involved in dandruff,” Williams said in recommending this one. This formula is also gentle on gray hair, dyed hair, and chemically processed hair. There’s even a 2% version available via prescription for anyone with extremely severe dandruff.

However, Williams added that there’s never a one-size solution to dandruff, so the picks below might better suit individual cases, depending on severity, dandruff cause, patient preferences, and hair texture/styling needs.

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BEST FOR MILD DANDRUFF

Head & Shoulders Anti-Dandruff 2-in-1 Shampoo and Conditioner

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Key Ingredient: Pyrithione zinc 1%

How It Works: As Williams noted, pyrithione zinc is terrific at targeting mild to moderate cases of dandruff, particularly in its standard 1% delivery. This is his go-to brand for mild cases for that reason.

There’s More: This dual pack contains 64 ounces of anti-dandruff shampoo. It’s designed to be used once a week, so it’s fairly low-maintenance and great for prevention.

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BEST FOR PROGRESSED DANDRUFF

Harry's Extra-Strength Anti-Dandruff 2-in-1 Shampoo & Conditioner

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$8.00

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Key Ingredient: Pyrithione zinc 2%

How It Works: By doubling the usual dose of pyrithione zinc, this recipe goes from tackling mild cases to more moderate and severe ones. 

There’s More: Be sure to select “Extra-Strength Anti-Dandruff” on the Harry’s shampoo page; it defaults to the regular 1% pyrithione zinc option (which is also terrific for mild cases), but anyone wanting a higher dosage should upgrade to the 2% “extra-strength” one.

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BEST FOR SEVERE DANDRUFF

Selsun Blue Medicated Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

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Key Ingredients: Selenium sulfide 1%, menthol

How It Works: Williams recommended selenium sulfide for cases of severe dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis caused by fungal proliferation. This one also cools on contact — a nice soothing touch — thanks to the menthol in its recipe. 

There’s More: Selsun Blue has a roster of shampoos with selenium sulfide and pyrithione zinc that target different hair types and scalp conditions.

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BEST FOR OILY SCALPS

Neutrogena T/Sal Therapeutic Shampoo

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Key Ingredients: Salicylic acid 3%

How It Works: This high-grade salicylic acid shampoo is another favorite of Williams’. It helps balance oil production in the pores, while also unclogging those pores of sebum buildup and trapped skin cells. It exfoliates dead surface cells too, to prevent existing flakeage. 

There’s More: Use this one on itchy, flaky beards, especially if the skin underneath is prone to oil buildup and acne.

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BEST FOR INFLAMMATION

Neutrogena T/Gel Therapeutic Shampoo

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Key Ingredients: Coal tar 1%

How It Works: Coal tar is William’s recommended ingredient for reducing inflammation, making this particularly useful for anyone whose seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis (or similar inflammatory condition) is causing dandruff or itching up top.

There’s More: It smells funky, yes, but think of it as medicine (which rarely tastes nice either).

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BEST NATURAL REMEDY

Paul Mitchell Tea Tree Special Shampoo

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$18.00

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Key Ingredients: Tea tree oil, aloe vera, jojoba extract

How It Works: While the shampoo itself is not a natural recipe, the tea tree oil in this scalp-purifying shampoo is a natural alternative to the active ingredients in other recipes. It’s not as immediate of a fix as those hair-drying shampoos, but it will be more nourishing to hair and skin.

There’s More: Paul Mitchell created an entire Tea Tree hair care line for all types of hair and scalp needs. Stocking up on a couple of options to cover the bases isn’t a terrible idea.

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BEST FOR PREVENTION

Pura D'Or Scalp Therapy Shampoo

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Key Ingredients: Tea tree oil, aloe vera, peppermint oil, argan oil, lavender oil

How It Works: This all-around nourishing and balancing shampoo is a terrific regular-use shampoo in its own right. It’s the gentlest pick on this roster, so it won’t necessarily fight active dandruff but is helpful for ongoing prevention without drying out the hair and scalp.

There’s More: It tingles and soothes upon application, thanks to aloe vera as well as peppermint and lavender oils.

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BEST FOR CURLY HAIR

Head & Shoulders Royal Oils Scalp Care Shampoo

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Key Ingredients: Pyrithione zinc 1%, coconut oil, apple cider vinegar

How It Works: Curls need constant conditioning, and dandruff shampoos are famous for depleting strands of moisture. This formula is the friendliest to curls and coils due to its inclusion of nourishing coconut oil and scalp-clarifying apple cider vinegar. 

There’s More: Target the scalp as best as possible; if the rest of the curls need washing, use a more curl-friendly (non-dandruff) shampoo, and always always follow with a curl conditioner or leave-in cream.

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BEST FOR BALD HEADS

DermaHarmony Dandruff Shampoo Bar

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Key Ingredients: Pyrithione zinc 2%

How It Works: This bar soap deploys a moderate grade 2% pyrithione zinc to tackle flakes and inflammation in order to keep bald heads looking polished.

There’s More: It’s all in the brand’s name: DermaHarmony’s pH-balanced bar honors the skin harmony of the scalp, to avoid redness, inflammation, or drying out.

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Itching: It’s an evolutionary function for protection, but when it doesn’t cease, it becomes torturous. Scalp itching, in particular, is a special slice of hell. Not to be confused with dandruff (though dandruff may well be one of its main root causes), scalp itch is typically caused by a number of chronic skin conditions. The good news? A variety of over-the-counter medications can help provide relief.

Below, two board-certified dermatologists — Kunal Malik of Spring Street Dermatology and Barry Goldman of Goldman Dermatology, both in NYC — weigh in on scalp itch, its key causes, and the best remedies for treating it.

What Causes Scalp Itch?

Most itchy scalps are caused by some sort of dermal inflammatory condition like seborrheic or contact dermatitis (dandruff), folliculitis, or a chronic skin condition like eczema or psoriasis. Allergic reactions to ingredients in certain shampoos or conditioners can cause itchiness, too, as well as unwelcome guests like scabies and head lice. “Many of my patients over-exfoliate the scalp by using multiple products such as shampoos, hair masks, scrubs, hair dyes, and more,” Malik says. “Sometimes hair growth products such as topical minoxidil can cause irritation, too.”

Scalp Itch Remedies

Over-the-Counter Remedies for Scalp Itch

The first step to treating scalp itch is identifying its cause — whether it’s a fungus, bacteria, or inflammatory agent — and finding the right active ingredient to neutralize it. They won’t all work the same way, though, so it’ll likely take some trial and error. Consult with a professional to find the right one.

Ketoconazole

What It Is: Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used in many prescription and OTC shampoos to control yeast and fungal proliferation and treat flaking, burning, scaling, and itching.

What It Targets: While primarily used to treat seborrheic dermatitis (namely dandruff), ketoconazole is a common defense against scalp ringworm (tinea capitis), as well as other bodily fungal problems such as jock itch, ringworm, and athlete’s foot.

BEST OVERALL

Nizoral 1% Ketoconazole Shampoo

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Both doctors listed Nizoral as a gold-standard shampoo for scalp itch. “Nizoral shampoo has been the most effective [anti-itch shampoo] in my experience,” says Goldman “There is a 1 percent OTC version and a 2 percent prescription version.”

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Pyrithione Zinc

What It Is: This zinc complex can prevent the proliferation of bacteria and fungus, though it doesn’t always destroy them outright.

What It Targets: Use pyrithione zinc to treat seborrheic dermatitis (namely dandruff), or in smaller concentrations as a routine preventative measure.

BEST PYRITHIONE ZINC SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

Harry's Shampoo-Conditioner with Pyrithione Zinc

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This is just one of two scalp-soothing shampoos from Harry’s, the other of which doubles the dosage of pyrithione zinc for more severe cases. This one is formulated to be used at the first sign of itching or flaking for an easy fix, or once every week or two as a preventative measure. 

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Salicylic Acid

What It Is: Salicylic acid is an oil-soluble ingredient often derived from willow bark extract. It is also known as a beta-hydroxy acid or BHA, and it can seep into the pores to temper oil levels and clear out dead skin cells.

What It Targets: When used to target scalps, salicylic acid is a terrific quick-fix and short term solution, says Goldman. It can help free up any flakes and dry skin from the scalp while reducing the oil buildup that abets dandruff.

BEST SALICYLIC ACID SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

Neutrogena T/Sal Salicylic Acid Shampoo

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Kunal cites Neutrogena’s salicylic acid shampoo as a go-to for excessively oily scalps, which inherently become prone to itching and flaking. It has a higher concentration of salicylic acid than most facial products (3 percent compared to the usual 2 percent), so it works especially well at removing dead skin cells and balancing oil levels.

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Piroctone Olamine

What It Is: Often positioned as a gentler alternative for pyrithione zinc and ketoconazole, piroctone olamine is an antifungal chemical compound that can also temper oil levels. 

What It Targets: Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) and other fungal concerns, specifically for people with sensitive skin.

BEST PIROCTONE OLAMINE SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

Sebamed Piroctone Olamine Shampoo

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$17.95

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This shampoo is optimal for anyone with a sensitive or easily-irritated scalp. It uses piroctone olamine for gentle, routine defense against fungal outbreaks, and keeps the scalp’s pH levels balanced so that it never leaves skin dry or irritated. It is also formulated in Germany, which means it passes the EU’s stricter standards for skin-safe formulations.

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Selenium Sulfide

What It Is: An antifungal chemical compound (of selenium and sulfur) with exfoliating and oil-tempering abilities. It draws many comparisons to salicylic acid in that both target acne, oil, and dandruff. Sulfur does tend to be more drying to the skin, though, so those with dry or sensitive skin should consult with a professional before trying it. 

What It Targets: Seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff, as well as scalp ringworm (tinea capitis). 

BEST SELENIUM SULFIDE SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

Selsun Blue Moisturizing Anti-dandruff Shampoo with Aloe, 11 fl. oz., Selenium Sulfide 1%

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Of the many shampoos on scalp-savior Selsun Blue’s roster, this one pairs the maximum-strength OTC concentration of 1 percent selenium sulfide with the cooling and anti-inflammatory powers of aloe vera to keep the scalp cleansed, balanced, and nourished.

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Coal Tar

What It Is: Yes, it’s a byproduct of coal gas production, but it’s also been deemed an effective treatment for psoriasis by the American Academy of Dermatology. 

What It Targets: In shampoos, coal tar is optimal for countering seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis.

BEST COAL TAR SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

True+Real Coal Tar Shampoo (Pack of 2)

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Most coal tar shampoos don’t go above 0.5-percent grades, but this one offers a 1-percent concentration to give people with psoriasis, and those with persistent itching and dandruff, a big leg up. 

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Tea Tree Oil

What It Is: An essential oil with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

What It Targets: Tea tree oil can help temper oil production while also neutralizing bacteria and fungus that often lead to dandruff. It can also calm itching and inflammation on contact, but should only be used in carefully formulated products, since standalone tea tree oil can be irritating to the skin.

BEST TEA TREE OIL SHAMPOO FOR SCALP ITCH

Tea Tree by Paul Mitchell Tea Tree Shampoo for Oily Scalps

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Goldman calls out this shampoo for its oil-balancing prowess. While it may not pack the same punch as an anti-dandruff remedy compared to the more active ingredients above, it’s exceptional as an anti-itch solution and for preventing oil buildup in the first place (which in turn stifles things like itching and flaking). 

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Prescriptions Remedies for Scalp Itch

A board-certified dermatologist should examine any persistent or extremely intolerable itching. If OTC remedies aren’t working — Goldman suggests drawing the line at a month — and then getting in to see the doctor. Anything with scabbing, constant peeling, or pain should be treated immediately.

There’s a good chance the doctor will prescribe something with a higher concentration of the above ingredients. “For example, prescription Nizoral shampoo contains 2 percent ketoconazole, while over-the-counter contains 1 percent,” he explains. 

Goldman adds that prescription steroid solutions are another common remedy. Don’t be fooled by the percentage attached to each, though, since the prescriptions usually use more potent molecules in their formulas. “Instead of over-the-counter hydrocortisone 1 percent drops for scalp irritation, a  prescription solution of 0.01% fluocinolone is still a more effective steroid despite a lower concentration.”